PubMed 医学细分领域检索式模板集

一、核心字段与运算符速查表

1. 核心字段标识

2. 常用运算符

二、医学细分领域检索式模板

1. 肿瘤学

• PD-1抑制剂治疗非小细胞肺癌：(“PD-1 inhibitor”[Title/Abstract] OR “programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor”[MeSH Terms]) AND “Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma”[MeSH Terms] AND “Randomized Controlled Trial”[Publication Type] AND (“2020/01/01” : “2025/12/31”)[Date – Publication]
• CAR-T细胞疗法治疗血液系统肿瘤：(“CAR-T cell therapy”[Title] OR “chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy”[MeSH Terms]) AND (“Hematologic Neoplasms”[MeSH Terms] OR “leukemia” OR “lymphoma”) AND [Species=Homo sapiens] AND PY=(2021-2025)
• 肿瘤免疫治疗的不良反应管理：(“tumor immunotherapy”[MeSH Terms] OR “immune checkpoint inhibitor”[Title]) AND (“adverse reaction”[Abstract] OR “toxicity”[Keyword]) AND “Review”[Publication Type] AND (“2019/01/01” : “2025/12/31”)[Date – Publication]

2. 传染病学

• COVID-19疫苗的长期有效性：(“COVID-19″[MeSH Terms] OR “SARS-CoV-2″[Title]) AND (“vaccine efficacy”[Abstract] OR “long-term protection”[Keyword]) AND “Journal Article”[Publication Type] AND (“2021/01/01” : “2025/12/31”)[Date – Publication]
• 抗生素耐药性肺炎的治疗策略：(“pneumonia”[MeSH Terms] AND “antibiotic resistance”[Abstract]) OR (“drug-resistant bacteria”[Title] AND “respiratory infection”[Keyword]) AND “Clinical Trial”[Publication Type] AND [Species=Homo sapiens]
• 登革热的诊断与预防：(“dengue fever”[MeSH Terms] OR “dengue virus”[Title]) AND (“diagnostic test”[Abstract] OR “vaccine development”[Keyword]) AND “Systematic Review”[Publication Type] AND PY=(2020-2025)

3. 心血管病学

• 心力衰竭的药物治疗进展：(“heart failure”[MeSH Terms] OR “congestive heart failure”[Title]) AND (“pharmacotherapy”[Abstract] OR “drug treatment”[Keyword]) AND “Review”[Publication Type] AND (“2020/01/01” : “2025/12/31”)[Date – Publication]
• 他汀类药物对动脉粥样硬化的预防作用：(“statins”[MeSH Terms] OR “atorvastatin”[Title]) AND “Atherosclerosis”[MeSH Terms] AND “Randomized Controlled Trial”[Publication Type] AND [Species=Homo sapiens] AND PY=(2019-2025)
• 房颤的射频消融治疗效果：(“atrial fibrillation”[MeSH Terms] OR “AF”[Title]) AND (“radiofrequency ablation”[Abstract] OR “catheter ablation”[Keyword]) AND “Journal Article”[Publication Type] AND (“2021/01/01” : “2025/12/31”)[Date – Publication]

4. 神经病学

• 阿尔茨海默病的早期生物标志物：(“Alzheimer Disease”[MeSH Terms] OR “AD”[Title]) AND (“biomarker”[Abstract] OR “early diagnosis”[Keyword]) AND “Original Article”[Publication Type] AND PY=(2020-2025)
• 脑卒中后的康复治疗：(“stroke”[MeSH Terms] OR “cerebrovascular accident”[Title]) AND (“rehabilitation”[Abstract] OR “physical therapy”[Keyword]) AND “Clinical Trial”[Publication Type] AND [Species=Homo sapiens]
• 癫痫的药物与手术治疗对比：(“epilepsy”[MeSH Terms] OR “seizure”[Title]) AND ((“pharmacotherapy”[Abstract] OR “surgical treatment”[Keyword])) AND “Meta-Analysis”[Publication Type] AND (“2019/01/01” : “2025/12/31”)[Date – Publication]

5. 内分泌与代谢病学

• 2型糖尿病的GLP-1受体激动剂治疗：(“Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus”[MeSH Terms] OR “T2DM”[Title]) AND (“GLP-1 receptor agonist”[Abstract] OR “semaglutide”[Keyword]) AND “Randomized Controlled Trial”[Publication Type] AND PY=(2021-2025)
• 肥胖与代谢综合征的关联研究：(“obesity”[MeSH Terms] OR “adiposity”[Title]) AND “Metabolic Syndrome X”[MeSH Terms] AND “Epidemiologic Studies”[Publication Type] AND [Species=Homo sapiens]
• 甲状腺功能减退的诊断标准更新：(“hypothyroidism”[MeSH Terms] OR “thyroid insufficiency”[Title]) AND (“diagnostic criteria”[Abstract] OR “guideline update”[Keyword]) AND “Review”[Publication Type] AND (“2022/01/01” : “2025/12/31”)[Date – Publication]

三、不同研究场景检索式模板

1. 临床试验定位

• 特定疾病III期临床试验：”breast cancer”[MeSH Terms] AND “Phase III Clinical Trial”[Publication Type] AND [Species=Homo sapiens] AND PY=(2020-2025)
• 药物干预类临床试验：(“antihypertensive agents”[MeSH Terms] OR “blood pressure lowering drug”[Title]) AND “Clinical Trial”[Publication Type] AND “drug intervention”[Abstract] AND (“2021/01/01” : “2025/12/31”)[Date – Publication]

2. 系统评价与Meta分析

• 特定主题系统评价：”asthma”[MeSH Terms] AND (“systematic review”[Publication Type] OR “meta-analysis”[Publication Type]) AND “treatment”[Abstract] AND PY=(2019-2025)
• 跨领域综合评价：((“diabetes”[MeSH Terms] AND “cardiovascular disease”[MeSH Terms]) OR (“obesity” AND “stroke”)) AND “systematic review”[Publication Type] AND [Species=Homo sapiens]

3. 高被引文献筛选

• 领域核心高被引成果：”immunotherapy”[MeSH Terms] AND “cancer”[Title] AND “Journal Article”[Publication Type] AND (“2018/01/01” : “2023/12/31”)[Date – Publication]（需联动Google Scholar按被引次数排序）
• 权威作者高影响力研究：”Johnson JS”[Author] AND “cardiology”[MeSH Terms] AND “cited by” > 100[Filter] AND PY=(2015-2025)

4. 作者与机构成果追踪

• 特定学者最新研究：”Wang L”[Author] AND “Peking Union Medical College Hospital”[Affiliation] AND “nephrology”[MeSH Terms] AND PY=(2022-2025)
• 机构重点领域成果：”Harvard Medical School”[Affiliation] AND “genetics”[MeSH Terms] OR “genomic medicine”[Title] AND “Original Article”[Publication Type] AND (“2020/01/01” : “2025/12/31”)[Date – Publication]

5. 特定期刊检索

• 顶级期刊前沿动态：”The Lancet”[Journal] OR “New England Journal of Medicine”[Journal] AND “COVID-19″[Title] AND PY=(2023-2025)
• 专科期刊主题筛选：”Circulation”[Journal] AND “heart failure”[MeSH Terms] AND “pharmacotherapy”[Abstract] AND (“2022/01/01” : “2025/12/31”)[Date – Publication]

四、使用小贴士

1. MeSH词优化：检索前优先通过PubMed的“MeSH Database”查询规范主题词，例如用“Lung Neoplasms”替代“lung cancer”，避免同义异名导致的漏检。
2. 筛选功能结合：检索后利用左侧栏筛选“人类研究”“免费全文”“文献类型”等条件，快速聚焦核心成果，减少无关信息干扰。
3. 全文获取技巧：优先选择标注“Free Full Text”或“PMC Free Article”的文献；无直接全文时，可通过机构馆际互借或联系作者获取。
4. 个性化管理：注册NCBI账号后，保存常用检索式并设置邮件提醒，实时接收领域最新文献；利用“Collections”分类管理文献，支持批量导出至EndNote等工具。
5. 跨工具联动：需精准引文分析时，将文献PMID或DOI导入Web of Science、Scopus等数据库，获取更全面的被引数据和影响力评估报告。